Simplified two-channel multiplex system



Dec. 15, 1964 M. c. KIDD 25,699

SIMPLIFIED TWO-CHANNEL MULTIPLEX SYSTEM Original Filed April 26, 1954 wpun/ J our/ 070 i l Z/ l 301-- 3 F 33K OUTPUT A Z WNWWUMNWWM 1 IN VEN TOR;

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' cycles. .of the diodes, and a second audio signal is applied across United States Patent "ice Original No. 2,921,981, dated Jan. 19, 1960, Ser. No.

425,455, Apr. 26, 1954. Application for reissue Sept. 21, 1961, Ser. No. 141,566

16 Claims. (Cl. 179-15) Matter enclosed in heavy brackets II] appears in the original patent hut forms no part of this reissue specification; matter printed in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

This invention relates to a two-channel multiplex system of communications, and more particularly to a simplified inexpensive system employing a minimum number of circuit components.

The system of this invention is useful, for example, in the binaural transmission of sound. With the binaural system, 'two channels are employed .to give the listener a sense of the position from which the sound emanates. The invention is also useful as a two-channel communication system, as a two-channel telemetering system, and as a two-channel system for control circuits and other uses.

Many multiplex systems are known in the art. It is an object of this invention to provide a highly simplified two-channel multiplex system for use in applications Where the economic factor is of great importance.

In one aspect, the invention comprises at the transmitting terminal, two diodes so arranged with respect to an oscillator that the positive half cycles from the oscillator are developed across one of the diodes which is poled toshort circuit the negative half cycles, and the negative half cycles are developed across the other diode which is poled to. short circuit the positive half A first audio signal is also applied across one the other of the diodes. An output is taken from the center of a resistor connected across both of the diodes. The output is in the nature of a carrier Wave amplitude modulated on the upper side with one of the audio si nals, and amplitude modulated on the bottom side by the other of the audio signals. At the receiving terminal, the signal from the transmitting terminal is applied to two diodes so arranged that one detects the modulation on the upper side of the carrier wave, and the other detects the modulation on the bottom side of the carrier wave. Output resistors across the respective diodes provide the separate audio signals.

For a more complete description of the invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the appended drawings, where- 1n:

FIGURE 1 is a circuit diagram of a transmitting terminal constructed according to the teachings of this invention;

FIGURE 2 is a circuit diagram of a receiving terminal unit according to this invention; and

FIGURE 3 is a chart of waveforms appearing at identified points in the circuit of FIGURE 1.

FIGUREI shows a transmitting terminal of a twochannel multiplex system. A diode 5 has its anode connected to ground, and a diode 6 has its cathode connected to ground. The symbol used in the drawings to represent a diode includes an arrowhead pointing in the direction offering the least resistance to conventional currentfiow as contrasted with electron flow. An oscillator 7 has an output lead 8 connected to ground, and an output lead 9 connected to the junction point 10 between isolating resistors 11 and 12. The other end of resistor 11 is Re. 25,699 Reissued Dec. 15, 1964 of resistor 12 is connected thru lead 15 to the anode of diode 6 and to the second message signal input terminal 16. An output resistor 17 is connected between leads 13 and 15, and an output terminal 18 is connected by contact arm 19 to an intermediate point on output resistor 17.

In the operation of the transmitting terminal unit of FIGURE 1, the oscillator 7 provides a carrier wave which may have a frequency of 20 kilocycles. The output of oscillator 7 is connected thru leads 8, 9, 13 and resistor 11 across the diode 5; and also thru leads 8, 9, 15 and resistor 12 across diode 6. It will be noted that the diodes 5 and 6 are poled so that the positive half cycles in the output of the oscillator 7 exist across the diode 5, while the negative half cycles are short circuited, and the negative half cycles from the oscillator 7 exist across the diode 6, while the positive half cycles are short circuited. A first message signal (Input No. 1 of FIGURE 3) applied to input terminal 14 causes an amplitude modulation of the positive half cycles from the oscillator 7 in the diode 5 to provide a Waveform on lead 13 as shown in FIGURE 3. A second message signal (Input No. 2 of FIGURE 3) applied to input terminal 16 causes amplitude modulation of the negative half cycles from the oscillator 7 in the diode 6 to provide a waveform on lead 15 as shown in FIGURE 3. The amplitude modulated positive half cycles, and the amplitude modulated negative half cycles are combined in the output resistor 17 which is connected across both of the diodes 5 and 6. The output obtained at output terminal 18, as shown in FIGURE 3, is a 20 kilocycle carrier wave having its positive half cycles modulated by the message signal applied to input terminal 14, and having its negative half cycles amplitude modulated by the message signal applied to input terminal 16.

FIGURE 2 shows the receiving terminal of the multiplex system. A diode 21 has its anode connected to ground, and a diode 22 has its cathode connected to ground. The cathode of diode 21 is connected to a bus 23, and the anode of diode 22 is connected to a bus 24. A signal input terminal 25 is connected thru resistor 26 to the bus 23, and is connected thru resistor 27 to the bus 24. By-pass capacitor 28 and output resistor 29 are connected from bus 23 to ground. By-pass capacitor 30 and output resistor 31 are connected from bus 24 to ground. Bus 23 is connected to output terminal 32, and bus 24 is connected to output terminal 33.

In the operation of the receiving terminal of FIGURE 2, the message modulated 20 kilocycle signal from the output terminal 18 of the transmitting unit of FIGURE 1 is i applied to the input terminal 25 of the receiving terminal the message modulated 20 kilocycle signal is used to modulate a radio frequency carrier which is demodulated at the receiving terminal. During the positive half cycles of the signal applied to input terminal 25, current flows thru resistor 26 and output resistor 29 to provide an output at output terminal 32, and current flows thru resistor 27 and diode 22 to ground so there is no output on terminal 33. During the negative half cycles of the input signal, current flows thru resistor 27 and output resistor 31 to provide an output at output terminal 33, and current flows thru resistor 26 and diode 21 so there is no output on terminal 32. The diode 21 detects the message signal modulation on the upper or positive part of the input wave and develops. an output message signal across output resistor 29 which is available at output terminal 32. The diode 22 detectsthe message signal modulation on the lower or negative part of the output signal wave and develops a message signal output across output resistor 31 which is available at output terminal 33.

Capacitors 28 and 30 by-pass the carrier frequency, whichin the present example is kilocycles. It is thus apparent that the message signal applied to input terminal 14 of FIGURE 1 appears at output terminal 32 of FIG- URE 2, and the message signal applied to input terminal 16 of FIGURE 1 appears at the output terminal 33 of FIGURE 2.

Merely to illustrate the values of circuit components which may be used with a carrier frequency of 20 kilocycles (for the multiplexing of two audio message signals, resistors 11, 12, 26 and 27 may have a value of 100,000 ohms, resistor 17 may have a value of 10,000 ohm-s, and resistors 29 and 31 may have a value of 5,000 ohms. Diodes 5, 6, 21 and 22 may be crystal diodes. By-pass capacitors 28 and 30 may have a value of 0.001 microfarad.

In the operation of the two-channel multiplex system according to this invention, it is important that the percentage modulation be kept at a relatively low value, and not be allowed to approach 100%. The percentage modulation should preferably not exceed In the transmitting unit of FIGURE 1, the resistor 17 is preferably constructed in the form of a potentiometer to permit a balancing adjustment by means of contact arm 19 so that the two waveforms are mixed equally. T his adjustment is made in the absence of input signals to provide equal positive and negative outputs from the oscillator 7 at the output terminal 18. Resistors 11 and 12 serve as isolating resistors to provide twenty-five to thirty db of isolation between the two channels.

The multiplex system of this invention is considered to be a hybrid system having characteristics of both a time division pulse multiplex system and a carrier modulation and demodulation system. The diodes act as switches to alternate-1y render the two signal channels operative. The system is -a,-dvantageous by comparison with a pulse multiplex system in that the communications link between the transmitting and receiving terminal is not required to handle high harmonic frequency component-s. If the percentage modulation is kept at a low value, the communications link merely needs to handle frequencies up to the frequency of the oscillator 7.

According to this invention there is provided a twochannel multiplex system wherein the transmitting and receiving terminals are reduced to the ultimate in simplicity, and by means of which two message signals may be multiplexed over a common transmission link with good quality characteristics.

What is claimed is:

l. A two-channel multiplex system comprising; a transmitting terminal including; an oscillator, two diodes connected in series, means including a first isolating resistor for connecting the output of said oscillator across said first diode, means including a second isolating resister for connecting the output of said oscillator across said second diode, said diodes being poled so that one diode is conductive during the positive half cycles of said oscillator, and the other is conductive'during the negative halt cycles of said oscillator, means to apply first and second message signals respectively acrosssaid first and second diodes, an output resistor connected across both of said series connected diodes, output terminals across a center tap on said output resistor and the junction between said diodes; and a receiving. terminal including; input terminals linked with said output terminals of said transmitting terminal, a third diode and a resistor connected in series across said input terminals, a fourth diode and resistor connected in series across said input terminals, said third and iourt-h diodes being o-p positely poled with reference to said input terminals, a by-tpass capacitor and an output resistor connected across each of said third and fourth diodes, and, means to derive said first and second message signals from across said respective last-mentioned output resistors. V

2. A transmitting terminal of a two-channel multiplex system comprising, an oscillator, two diodes connected in series, means including a first isolating resistor for connecting the output of said oscillator across said first diode, means including a second isolating resistor for connecting the output of said oscillator across said second diode, said diodes being poled so that one diode is cond ctive during the positive half cycles from said I oscillator, and the other is conductive during the negative half cycles from said oscillator, means to apply first and second message signals respectively across said first and second diodes, an output resistor connected across both of said series connected diodes, and output terminals across a center tap on said output resistor and a junction between said diodes.

3. A receiving terminal of a. two-channel multiplex system comprising, input terminals to which a two-channel multiplex signal is applied, a first diode and a first impedance connected in series across said input terminals, 21 second diode and a second impedance connected in series across said input terminals, said diodes being oppositely poled with reference to said input terminals, a by-pass capacitor and .an output impedance connected across each of said diodes, and meansto derive separate message signals from across said output impedance/s.

4. A receiving terminal of two channel multiplex system comprising, input terminals to which a two-channel multiplex signal is applied, a first diode and a first resistor connected in series across said input terminals, 21 second diode and a second resistor connected in series acrosssaid input terminals, said diodes being oppositely poled with reference to said input terminals, .a by-pass capacitor and an output resistor connected across each of said diodes, and means to derive separate message signals from across said output resistors.

5. A two-channel multiplex system comprising a transmitting terminal including an oscillator, first and second diodes connected in series, means including a first isolating resistor connecting the output of said oscillator across said first diode, means including a second isolating resistor connecting the output of said oscillator across said second diode, said first diode being poled so that it is conductive during the positive half cycles of said oscillator and said second diode being poled so that it is conductive during the negative half cycles: of said oscillator, means to apply a first message signal across said first diode, means to apply a second messagesignal different from said first message signal across said second diode, an output resistor connected across both of said series connected diodes, output terminals across a center tap on said output resistor and the junction between said first and second diodes; and a receiving terminal includinput input terminals linked with said output terminals of said transmitting terminal, a third diode and a resistor connected in series across said input terminals, a fourth diode and a resistor connected in series across said input terminals, said third and fourth diodes being oppositely poled with reference to said input terminals, a bypass capacitor and a second output resistor connected in parallel and across said third diode, a by-passcapacitor and a third output resistor connected in parallelv and across said fourth diode, and means to derive said first and second message signals from across said respective second and third output resistors.

6. A transmitting terminal of a two-channel multiplex system comprising, first and second input terminals to which message signals can be applied, a first diode connected between said first input terminal and a point of reference potential, a second diode connected between said second input terminal and said point of reference potential, an oscillator, means including a first resistance for connecting the output of said oscillator across said first diode, means including a second resistance for connecting the output of said oscillator across said second diode, said diodes lbeing poled so that one diode is conductive during the positive halt cycles from said oscillator and the other is conductive during the negative half cycles lfirom said oscillator, and output resistor connected across both of said biodes, and output terminals across a tap on said output resistor and said pointof reference potential.

7. A transmitting terminal as claimed in claim 6 and wherein said first and second resistances are connected in series between said first and second input terminals, said oscillator being connected between the junction of said first and second resistances and said point of reference potential.

8. A receiving terminal of a two-channel multiplex system comprising, first and second input terminals to which a two-channel multiplex signal amplitude modulated on the upper side with one message signal and amplitude modulated 0n the bottom side with a second message signal can be applied, first and second resistors, first and second diodes each having cathode and anode electrodes, means to connect the cathode of said first diode through said first resistor to said first terminal and the anode of said first diode to said second terminal, means to connect the anode of said second diode through said second resistor to said first terminal and the cathode of said second diode to said second terminal, whereby said diodes are oppositely poled with reference to said input terminals, a capacitor and an output resistor connected across said first diode, a second capacitor and a second output resistor connected across said second diode, and means to derive separate message signals from across said output resistors.

9. A receiving terminal of a two-channel multiplex system comprising, input terminals to which a two-channel multiplex signal is applied, a first diode and a first impedance connected in series across said input terminals, a second diode and a second impedance connected in series across said input terminals, said diodes being oppositely poled with reference to said input terminal, a capacitor and an output impedance connected in parallel and across said first diode, a capacitor and an output impedance connected in parallel and across said second diode, and means to derive separate message signals from across said output impedances.

10. A two channel receiver for a modulated radio frequency carrier wave containing modulation components corresponding to a pair of stereophonically related signals, and including terminal means in said receiver across which is developed composite wave energy whose positive envelope is representative of one of said stereophonic signals, and whose negative envelope is representative of the other of said stereophonic signals, the combination of a first envelope detector including a first diode and a first load impedance element, means for coupling said terminal means to said first envelope detector to derive across said first load impedance element the positive envelope information from said composite wave energy representative of said one stereophonic signal, a second envelope detector including a second diode and a second load impedance element, and means for coupling said terminal means to said second envelope detector to derive across said second load impedance element the negative envelope information from said composite wave energy representative of said other stereophonic signal.

11. In a two channel receiver for a modulated radio frequency carrier wave containing modulation components corresponding to a pair of stereophonically related signals, and including connection means for providing composite wave energy whose positive envelope is representative of one of said stereophonic signals and whose negative envelope is representative of the other of said stereophonic signals; the combination of a first envelope detector including a first diode and a first load impedance element, a second detector including a second diode and a second load impedance element, and means coupling said first and second envelope detectors to said receiver connection means so that said first envelope detector derives across said first impedance element the positive envelope information representative of said one stereophonic signal and said second envelope detector derives across said second load impedance element the negative envelope information representative of said other stereophonic signal.

12. A demodulator circuit for a two-channel multiplex receiver comprising:

input circuit means for a carrier wave modulated by a pair of audio frequency stereophonically related signals such that excursions of said carrier wave in one polarity direction define an envelope representative of one of said stereophonically related signals and excursions of said carrier wave in the opposite polarity direction define an envelope representative of the other of said stereophonically related signals;

a first load impedance means;

means including a first rectifier, poled for conduction in response to said one polarity excursions of said carrier wave, coupling said first load impedance means to said input circuit whereby one of said stereophonically related signals is developed across said first load impedance means;

first reactance means exhibiting low impedance to signals of said carrier wave frequency and relatively higher impedance to audio frequency signals connected to bypass said carrier wave around said first load impedance means;

a second load impedance means;

means including a second rectifier, poled for conduction in response to said opposite polarity excursions of said carrier wave, coupling said second load impedance means to said input circuit whereby the other of said stereophonically related signals is developed across said second load impedance means; and

second reactance means exhibiting low impedance to signals of said carrier wave frequency and relatively higher impedance to audio frequency signals connected to bypass said carrier wave around said second load impedance means.

13. A demodulator circuit for a stereophonic signal receiver comprising:

input circuit means for signal information representative of a pair of stereophonically related signals including a modulated wave;

a first modulation detector means including a first rectifier and load impedance means therefor exhibiting low impedance to signals of modulated wave frequency and relatively higher impedance to signals of modulation wave frequency, said first rectifier poled for detection of the modulation wave represented by the positive envelope of said modulated wave;

a second modulation detector means including a rectifier and load impedance means therefor exhibiting low impedance to signals of said modulated wave frequency and relatively higher impedance to signals of modulation frequency, said second rectifier poled for detection of the modulation wave represented by the negative envelope of said modulated wave.

14. A receiving terminal of a two-channel multiplex system comprising, input terminals to which a twochannel multiplex signal is applied, a first diode connected to said input terminals, a second diode connected to said input terminals, said diodes being oppositely poled with reference to said input terminals, a by-pass capacitor and an output impedance connected to each of said diodes, and means to derive separate message signals from across said output impedance.

15. A receiving terminal of a two-channel multiplex system comprising, input terminals to which a twochannel multiplex signal is applied, a first diode connected to said input terminals, a second diode connected to said input terminals, said diodes being oppositely poled with reference to said input terminals, a by-pass capacitor and an output resistor connected toeach of said diodes, and means to derive separate message signals from across said output resistors.

16. A receiving terminal of a two-channel multiplex system comprising, input terminals to which a twochannel multiplex signal is applied, a first diode connected to said input terminals, a second diode connected to said input terminals, said diodes being oppositely poled with reference to said input terminals, a capacitor and an output impedance connected to said first diode, a capacitor and an output impedance connected to said second diode, and means to derive separate message signals from across said output impedance.

patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 8 Bancroft et a1. 17866 Levine 179-15 Kalfaian 1785.6 Steele 340166 tachura 17915 Trousdale 32896 Goldberg 307-885 Van Sivers et a1 30788.5 Ward 17915 Crosby 17915 Baran 179-15 Teer 178-52 Boutry et a1. 17915 Boothroyd 1785.2 Schuete 17915 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain. Great Britain.

OTHER REFERENCES 1947, page 694.

Audio: August 1961, pp. 2022 and 96,

DAVID G. REDINBAUGH, Primary Examiner. ROBERT H. ROSE, Examiner. 

